CDP has a "ExceptionDetails" structure that is attached to various
CDP commands, e.g. "Runtime#exceptionThrown" or "Runtime#evaluate".
The stack trace in the "ExceptionDetails" structure is used in
various places in DevTools. The information in the "ExceptionDetails"
structure is extracted from a v8::Message object. Message objects
are normally created at the exception throw site and may augment
the error with manually inspecting the stack (both to capture a fresh
stack trace in some cases, as well as to calculate location info).

The problem is that in some cases we want to get an "ExceptionDetails"
structure after the fact, e.g. when logging a JS "Error" object in
a catch block. To help in this case, this CL introduces a new
CDP method "Runtime#getExceptionDetails" that behaves exactly as
advertised: It provides a populated "ExceptionDetails" structure
from a JS Error object.

R=bmeurer@chromium.org

Doc: https://bit.ly/runtime-get-exception-details
Bug: chromium:1278650
Change-Id: I084be10c1d852d3b7cac8d88e7f820e867be4722
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/v8/v8/+/3337258
Commit-Queue: Simon Zünd <szuend@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Yang Guo <yangguo@chromium.org>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/main@{#78676}