[API] Use proper C++ methods to implement type checks

The {TYPE_CHECK} macro used an ancient pattern to check for
assignability, by assigning to a static_casted nullptrs of the
respective types.
C++11 introduced standard library helpers to express this more
naturally. The most direct translation would have been to use
{std::is_assignable} or {std::is_convertible} on the pointer types, but
in most cases we can be even more strict and force one type to be a
proper subtype of the other.
The only exception is {ReturnValue}, which allows to assign anything if
it's void.

R=ulan@chromium.org

Bug: v8:10155
Change-Id: I41c1103e0206514c8700c47a0bf107ad704cfc47
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/v8/v8/+/2093497Reviewed-by: Ulan Degenbaev <ulan@chromium.org>
Commit-Queue: Clemens Backes <clemensb@chromium.org>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/master@{#66695}