This is a reland of 66e4c99c

Move recursive check variable onto PerIsolateData to avoid data races.

Original change's description:
> [d8] Avoid recursive unhandled rejected Promise processing
>
> Bug: chromium:1126309
> Change-Id: I9d9d33cd151ed8af5ee8af09b8957eae9df2dcb1
> Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/v8/v8/+/2410059
> Commit-Queue: Toon Verwaest <verwaest@chromium.org>
> Auto-Submit: Camillo Bruni <cbruni@chromium.org>
> Reviewed-by: Toon Verwaest <verwaest@chromium.org>
> Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/master@{#69986}

Bug: chromium:1126309
Change-Id: I83353e891e8987fa6f828e1efd82968b895638b6
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/v8/v8/+/2423708Reviewed-by: Marja Hölttä <marja@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Toon Verwaest <verwaest@chromium.org>
Commit-Queue: Camillo Bruni <cbruni@chromium.org>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/master@{#70080}