This introduces a `V8InspectorClient::dispatchError()` callback that
embedders can use to dispatch errors from scripts injected by DevTools
(via debug evaluate). The idea here being that while these errors are
technically caught by the inspector logic, the DevTools UX presents them
just like other uncaught errors, with the exception that they don't
trigger error handlers installed by the page. The latter can be quite
confusing to developers, and surprising when for example testing these
error handlers from DevTools. So this adds the foundations on the V8
side to enable triggering error handlers for these technically caught,
but morally uncaught, exceptions.

On the Chromium side https://crrev.com/c/3560458 will implement and
use the hook. And that CL also adds a web tests to check the behavior.

Bug: chromium:1295750
Change-Id: I945c8a9e9b4ec5705fc7f1891dcda185b04c8310
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/v8/v8/+/3557234
Auto-Submit: Benedikt Meurer <bmeurer@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Yang Guo <yangguo@chromium.org>
Commit-Queue: Yang Guo <yangguo@chromium.org>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/main@{#79673}