The interface for ArgumentInfo was allowing out-of-bounds
read from the returned array. Improved that by passing the
index explicitly as a parameter and checking against the
expected bounds.

Bug: v8:10267
Change-Id: Ic1022def3e338598cd9bd9e6582d67a62836d0db
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/v8/v8/+/2078578Reviewed-by: Georg Neis <neis@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Toon Verwaest <verwaest@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Michael Stanton <mvstanton@chromium.org>
Commit-Queue: Maya Lekova <mslekova@chromium.org>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/master@{#66499}