This is a reland of 2de2d3dc

Original change's description:
> [runtime] Amortize descriptor array growing for fast-mode prototypes
>
> This avoids an O(n^2) algorithm that creates an equal amount of garbage.
> Even though the actual final descriptor array might be a little bigger,
> it reduces peak memory usage by allocating less.
>
> Bug: b:148346655
> Change-Id: I984159d36e9e0b37c19bc81afc90c94c9a9d168a
> Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/v8/v8/+/2135728
> Commit-Queue: Toon Verwaest <verwaest@chromium.org>
> Reviewed-by: Igor Sheludko <ishell@chromium.org>
> Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/master@{#67031}

Bug: b:148346655, v8:10339
Change-Id: I24436d8f49dc1fe527c4f6558db1abcba323b6f8
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/v8/v8/+/2139215Reviewed-by: Ulan Degenbaev <ulan@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Igor Sheludko <ishell@chromium.org>
Auto-Submit: Toon Verwaest <verwaest@chromium.org>
Commit-Queue: Igor Sheludko <ishell@chromium.org>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/master@{#67475}