This is a reland of 4997ce58

Original change's description:
> cppgc: Add targeted CHECK for diagnosing Peristent issue
>
> The added CHECK aims at finding problems where Peristent is used off
> the owning thread.
>
> Bug: chromium:1253650, chromium:1243257
> Change-Id: Ia0cbc6005aba38c0d98197ed18c3b40dd2dc33fd
> Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/v8/v8/+/3306972
> Commit-Queue: Michael Lippautz <mlippautz@chromium.org>
> Reviewed-by: Anton Bikineev <bikineev@chromium.org>
> Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/main@{#78137}

Bug: chromium:1253650, chromium:1243257
Change-Id: I9ef72d3f649c1a4504417c4cd7728e5000675405
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/v8/v8/+/3306487Reviewed-by: Anton Bikineev <bikineev@chromium.org>
Commit-Queue: Michael Lippautz <mlippautz@chromium.org>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/main@{#78146}