This is a reland of c927ada7

Fix: Recalculate encoding after an allocation (that can potentially
trigger GC) in EnsureHasFullTransitionArray.

Original change's description:
> [runtime] Refactor TransitionsAccessor
>
> Problems:
> - The class uses a bare Map field, but some methods can trigger GC
> causing it to have a potential dangling pointer in case of map
> compaction.
> - Some methods invalidate the object state and should not be used again.
> - Complicate logic with a no_gc and a gc aware constructors. Some
> methods can only be called if the object is constructed with a
> particular constructor (e.g, Insert and PutPrototypeTransition).
>
> Note: Most usages of this class is done by constructing an object and
> calling a single method:
> `TransitionAccessor(...).Method(...)`
> So we can easily change them to a static method.
>
> This CL:
> 1. Adds DISALLOW_GARBAGE_COLLECTION to the class.
> 2. Makes methods that can trigger GC static.
> 3. Creates static helper functions that wrap the class in a different
> scope, since TransitionsAccessor now forces the scope to disallow gc.
> 4. Removes now unnecessary "Reload" logic.
>
> Bug: chromium:1295133, v8:12578
> Change-Id: I85484e7235fbd5e69894e26f5e1c491c6f69635e
> Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/v8/v8/+/3450416
> Reviewed-by: Dominik Inführ <dinfuehr@chromium.org>
> Reviewed-by: Toon Verwaest <verwaest@chromium.org>
> Commit-Queue: Victor Gomes <victorgomes@chromium.org>
> Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/main@{#79051}

Bug: chromium:1295133, v8:12578
Change-Id: If3880c2480433b78567870c8d14508d6ad9eccbd
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/v8/v8/+/3460405Reviewed-by: Dominik Inführ <dinfuehr@chromium.org>
Auto-Submit: Victor Gomes <victorgomes@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Toon Verwaest <verwaest@chromium.org>
Commit-Queue: Toon Verwaest <verwaest@chromium.org>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/main@{#79069}