The ExternalPointerTags are assumed to be compile-time constants in most
cases, so turning them into template parameters enforces that. As
decisions such as whether to use the per-isolate or the shared external
pointer table are encoded into the tag values, forcing those to be
compile-time constants guarantees that the compiler will be able to
inline the correct logic when accessing an external pointer.

With this, there are now two (high-level) ways of accessing external pointer fields from C++: the Read/WriteExternalPointerField methods
which require the ExternalPointerTag to be a template parameter, and the
ExternalPointerSlot class which takes the tag as an argument. The latter
is for example used for snapshot deserialization and by the garbage
collector (more generally, by the ObjectVisitor::VisitExternalPointer
method), where the tag is not a compile-time constant.

Finally, this CL also introduces a new ExternalPointerHandle type which
represents the (opaque) on-heap representation of a reference to an
entry in an ExternalPointerTable when sandboxing is enabled. Making this
its own type makes the code a bit more readable.

Bug: v8:10391
Change-Id: I867b8ce41d15d485f1dc66786f233c710c56afcb
Cq-Include-Trybots: luci.v8.try:v8_linux64_heap_sandbox_dbg_ng,v8_linux_arm64_sim_heap_sandbox_dbg_ng
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/v8/v8/+/3720641Reviewed-by: Tobias Tebbi <tebbi@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Leszek Swirski <leszeks@chromium.org>
Commit-Queue: Samuel Groß <saelo@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Igor Sheludko <ishell@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Michael Lippautz <mlippautz@chromium.org>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/main@{#81402}

Previously it was implemented in api.cc, therefore requiring an additional
function call when accessing external pointer fields from embedder code with
the sandbox enabled. Now ReadExternalPointerField can be inlined.

Bug: v8:10391
Change-Id: Ia8cb2df148ac96f979fd3e22989b0ff6177abcec
Cq-Include-Trybots: luci.v8.try:v8_linux64_heap_sandbox_dbg_ng,v8_linux_arm64_sim_heap_sandbox_dbg_ng
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/v8/v8/+/3714245Reviewed-by: Igor Sheludko <ishell@chromium.org>
Auto-Submit: Samuel Groß <saelo@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Michael Lippautz <mlippautz@chromium.org>
Commit-Queue: Michael Lippautz <mlippautz@chromium.org>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/main@{#81271}

Bug: v8:11165
Change-Id: I6d21b5ace124b6a47df983d5e3370d241f58f056
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/v8/v8/+/3395880Reviewed-by: Michael Lippautz <mlippautz@chromium.org>
Commit-Queue: Camillo Bruni <cbruni@chromium.org>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/main@{#78785}

This CL renames a number of things related to the V8 sandbox.
Mainly, what used to be under V8_HEAP_SANDBOX is now under
V8_SANDBOXED_EXTERNAL_POINTERS, while the previous V8 VirtualMemoryCage
is now simply the V8 Sandbox:

V8_VIRTUAL_MEMORY_CAGE => V8_SANDBOX
V8_HEAP_SANDBOX => V8_SANDBOXED_EXTERNAL_POINTERS
V8_CAGED_POINTERS => V8_SANDBOXED_POINTERS
V8VirtualMemoryCage => Sandbox
CagedPointer => SandboxedPointer
fake cage => partially reserved sandbox
src/security => src/sandbox

This naming scheme should simplify things: the sandbox is now the large
region of virtual address space inside which V8 mainly operates and
which should be considered untrusted. Mechanisms like sandboxed pointers
are then used to attempt to prevent escapes from the sandbox (i.e.
corruption of memory outside of it). Furthermore, the new naming scheme
avoids the confusion with the various other "cages" in V8, in
particular, the VirtualMemoryCage class, by dropping that name entirely.

Future sandbox features are developed under their own V8_SANDBOX_X flag,
and will, once final, be merged into V8_SANDBOX. Current future features
are sandboxed external pointers (using the external pointer table), and
sandboxed pointers (pointers guaranteed to point into the sandbox, e.g.
because they are encoded as offsets). This CL then also introduces a new
build flag, v8_enable_sandbox_future, which enables all future features.

Bug: v8:10391
Change-Id: I5174ea8f5ab40fb96a04af10853da735ad775c96
Cq-Include-Trybots: luci.v8.try:v8_linux64_heap_sandbox_dbg_ng,v8_linux_arm64_sim_heap_sandbox_dbg_ng
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/v8/v8/+/3322981Reviewed-by: Hannes Payer <hpayer@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Igor Sheludko <ishell@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Michael Achenbach <machenbach@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Toon Verwaest <verwaest@chromium.org>
Commit-Queue: Samuel Groß <saelo@chromium.org>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/main@{#78384}

Rename StringShape::full_representation_tag to
StringShape::representation_and_encoding_tag, since the full
representation tag now includes the shared bit.

There are no users of the new method in this CL; this is split out to
make subsequent shared string CLs smaller.

Bug: v8:12007
Change-Id: Ic4ac0241fd9846241e85b4a094dfee6d201ba42b
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/v8/v8/+/3313428Reviewed-by: Camillo Bruni <cbruni@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Patrick Thier <pthier@chromium.org>
Commit-Queue: Shu-yu Guo <syg@chromium.org>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/main@{#78253}

In the future we will allow arbitrary objects as host-defined options.
To prepare the embedders for the upcoming changes we migrate the API
to use v8::Data where possible.

Internally we still use i::FixedArray with primitive values until the
migration to context-stored host-defined options is completed.

Note: This CL also introduces a temporary cast and inheritance
between Data and PrimitiveArray which will be removed again.

Bug: chromium:1244145
Change-Id: I852d0d827708d32b6f3a6d03457234a006e2fd77
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/v8/v8/+/3264285
Commit-Queue: Camillo Bruni <cbruni@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Maya Lekova <mslekova@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Victor Gomes <victorgomes@chromium.org>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/main@{#77795}

As per output of ./tools/release/list_deprecated.py

Bug: v8:11165
Change-Id: Ib5ae6fd1ec7209cc89d436d337b97a4c82391da3
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/v8/v8/+/3245118
Commit-Queue: Camillo Bruni <cbruni@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Michael Lippautz <mlippautz@chromium.org>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/main@{#77550}

This is a reland of d1b27019

Fixes include:
Adding missing file to bazel build
Forward-declaring classing before friend-classing them to fix win/gcc
Add missing v8-isolate.h include for vtune builds

Original change's description:
> [include] Split out v8.h
>
> This moves every single class/function out of include/v8.h into a
> separate header in include/, which v8.h then includes so that
> externally nothing appears to have changed.
>
> Every include of v8.h from inside v8 has been changed to a more
> fine-grained include.
>
> Previously inline functions defined at the bottom of v8.h would call
> private non-inline functions in the V8 class. Since that class is now
> in v8-initialization.h and is rarely included (as that would create
> dependency cycles), this is not possible and so those methods have been
> moved out of the V8 class into the namespace v8::api_internal.
>
> None of the previous files in include/ now #include v8.h, which means
> if embedders were relying on this transitive dependency then it will
> give compile failures.
>
> v8-inspector.h does depend on v8-scripts.h for the time being to ensure
> that Chrome continue to compile but that change will be reverted once
> those transitive #includes in chrome are changed to include it directly.
>
> Full design:
> https://docs.google.com/document/d/1rTD--I8hCAr-Rho1WTumZzFKaDpEp0IJ8ejZtk4nJdA/edit?usp=sharing
>
> Bug: v8:11965
> Change-Id: I53b84b29581632710edc80eb11f819c2097a2877
> Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/v8/v8/+/3097448
> Reviewed-by: Yang Guo <yangguo@chromium.org>
> Reviewed-by: Camillo Bruni <cbruni@chromium.org>
> Reviewed-by: Jakob Kummerow <jkummerow@chromium.org>
> Reviewed-by: Leszek Swirski <leszeks@chromium.org>
> Reviewed-by: Michael Lippautz <mlippautz@chromium.org>
> Commit-Queue: Dan Elphick <delphick@chromium.org>
> Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/main@{#76424}

Cq-Include-Trybots: luci.v8.try:v8_linux_vtunejit
Bug: v8:11965
Change-Id: I99f5d3a73bf8fe25b650adfaf9567dc4e44a09e6
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/v8/v8/+/3113629Reviewed-by: Leszek Swirski <leszeks@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Camillo Bruni <cbruni@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Michael Lippautz <mlippautz@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Jakob Kummerow <jkummerow@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Simon Zünd <szuend@chromium.org>
Commit-Queue: Dan Elphick <delphick@chromium.org>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/main@{#76460}

This reverts commit d1b27019.

Reason for revert: Broke vtune build, tsan build and possibly others

Original change's description:
> [include] Split out v8.h
>
> This moves every single class/function out of include/v8.h into a
> separate header in include/, which v8.h then includes so that
> externally nothing appears to have changed.
>
> Every include of v8.h from inside v8 has been changed to a more
> fine-grained include.
>
> Previously inline functions defined at the bottom of v8.h would call
> private non-inline functions in the V8 class. Since that class is now
> in v8-initialization.h and is rarely included (as that would create
> dependency cycles), this is not possible and so those methods have been
> moved out of the V8 class into the namespace v8::api_internal.
>
> None of the previous files in include/ now #include v8.h, which means
> if embedders were relying on this transitive dependency then it will
> give compile failures.
>
> v8-inspector.h does depend on v8-scripts.h for the time being to ensure
> that Chrome continue to compile but that change will be reverted once
> those transitive #includes in chrome are changed to include it directly.
>
> Full design:
> https://docs.google.com/document/d/1rTD--I8hCAr-Rho1WTumZzFKaDpEp0IJ8ejZtk4nJdA/edit?usp=sharing
>
> Bug: v8:11965
> Change-Id: I53b84b29581632710edc80eb11f819c2097a2877
> Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/v8/v8/+/3097448
> Reviewed-by: Yang Guo <yangguo@chromium.org>
> Reviewed-by: Camillo Bruni <cbruni@chromium.org>
> Reviewed-by: Jakob Kummerow <jkummerow@chromium.org>
> Reviewed-by: Leszek Swirski <leszeks@chromium.org>
> Reviewed-by: Michael Lippautz <mlippautz@chromium.org>
> Commit-Queue: Dan Elphick <delphick@chromium.org>
> Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/main@{#76424}

Bug: v8:11965
Change-Id: Id57313ae992e720c8b19abc975cd69729e1344aa
No-Presubmit: true
No-Tree-Checks: true
No-Try: true
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/v8/v8/+/3113627
Bot-Commit: Rubber Stamper <rubber-stamper@appspot.gserviceaccount.com>
Commit-Queue: Leszek Swirski <leszeks@chromium.org>
Owners-Override: Leszek Swirski <leszeks@chromium.org>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/main@{#76428}

This moves every single class/function out of include/v8.h into a
separate header in include/, which v8.h then includes so that
externally nothing appears to have changed.

Every include of v8.h from inside v8 has been changed to a more
fine-grained include.

Previously inline functions defined at the bottom of v8.h would call
private non-inline functions in the V8 class. Since that class is now
in v8-initialization.h and is rarely included (as that would create
dependency cycles), this is not possible and so those methods have been
moved out of the V8 class into the namespace v8::api_internal.

None of the previous files in include/ now #include v8.h, which means
if embedders were relying on this transitive dependency then it will
give compile failures.

v8-inspector.h does depend on v8-scripts.h for the time being to ensure
that Chrome continue to compile but that change will be reverted once
those transitive #includes in chrome are changed to include it directly.

Full design:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1rTD--I8hCAr-Rho1WTumZzFKaDpEp0IJ8ejZtk4nJdA/edit?usp=sharing

Bug: v8:11965
Change-Id: I53b84b29581632710edc80eb11f819c2097a2877
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/v8/v8/+/3097448Reviewed-by: Yang Guo <yangguo@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Camillo Bruni <cbruni@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Jakob Kummerow <jkummerow@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Leszek Swirski <leszeks@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Michael Lippautz <mlippautz@chromium.org>
Commit-Queue: Dan Elphick <delphick@chromium.org>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/main@{#76424}