This is a reland of commit 911c7170

Re-landed as https://crrev.com/c/3867727 has also been re-landed.

Original change's description:
> [debug] CHECK that a function's context is always available
>
> After https://crrev.com/c/3854501 has landed, we no longer have to
> handle the case that we do not find a function's context in the
> scope iterator even though the function requires one.
>
> This CL renames `NeedsAndHasContext` to `NeedsContext` since we
> always find a scope's context now. Additionally we turn this
> assumption into a dedicated check.
>
> R=bmeurer@chromium.org
>
> Bug: chromium:1246907
> Change-Id: I6458df76689c0bfa6d6b2f8c421f9ce481855547
> Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/v8/v8/+/3865153
> Reviewed-by: Benedikt Meurer <bmeurer@chromium.org>
> Commit-Queue: Simon Zünd <szuend@chromium.org>
> Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/main@{#82848}

Bug: chromium:1246907
Change-Id: I5ce4fe458e4614f4d6ee419483c5a9071dc91bbb
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/v8/v8/+/3865555
Bot-Commit: Rubber Stamper <rubber-stamper@appspot.gserviceaccount.com>
Reviewed-by: Benedikt Meurer <bmeurer@chromium.org>
Commit-Queue: Simon Zünd <szuend@chromium.org>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/main@{#82905}