Remove error reporting from parsing::Parse*, since in most cases we
didn't actually want them (clear errors afterward), and there was an
issue where Compiler::Compile would try to report errors already
reported in ParseAny, which ended up triggering unreachable code.

As a drive-by, move some one-off parse exception handling in
test-parsing into a CHECKED_PARSE_PROGRAM macro which replaces all the
"necessarily positive" calls to parsing::ParseProgram.

Bug: chromium:1091656
Change-Id: I4d463ec363312aea36ab92f1322cf66a416b9888
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/v8/v8/+/2237134Reviewed-by: Ross McIlroy <rmcilroy@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Ulan Degenbaev <ulan@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Jakob Gruber <jgruber@chromium.org>
Auto-Submit: Leszek Swirski <leszeks@chromium.org>
Commit-Queue: Leszek Swirski <leszeks@chromium.org>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/master@{#68281}