This is a reland of f68242bc, with
fixes for UBSan (double-fixed, actually).

Original change's description:
> [codegen] Reduce size of safepoint table fields
>
> Code objects are often small and do not use the full integer range of PC
> offsets and deoptimization indexes. Reducing the size of these fields to
> the required size per table reduces the overall size of safepoint tables
> by roughly 25%.
>
> R=jkummerow@chromium.org
>
> Bug: v8:12401
> Change-Id: Ie6889a70782f5510436a1d05d31d17aac0bfec6e
> Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/v8/v8/+/3306556
> Reviewed-by: Jakob Kummerow <jkummerow@chromium.org>
> Commit-Queue: Clemens Backes <clemensb@chromium.org>
> Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/main@{#78216}

Bug: v8:12401
Cq-Include-Trybots: luci.v8.try:v8_linux64_ubsan_rel_ng
Change-Id: I2aa7f6448afd3350b0cc3d09a0f4ac18fcab0928
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/v8/v8/+/3310806Reviewed-by: Jakob Kummerow <jkummerow@chromium.org>
Commit-Queue: Clemens Backes <clemensb@chromium.org>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/main@{#78244}