This is a reland of d5457f5f
after a speculative revert.

Additionally it fixes an issue with throwing promise hooks.

Original change's description:
> [api] JSFunction PromiseHook for v8::Context
>
> This will enable Node.js to get much better performance from async_hooks
> as currently PromiseHook delegates to C++ for the hook function and then
> Node.js delegates it right back to JavaScript, introducing several
> unnecessary barrier hops in code that gets called very, very frequently
> in modern, promise-heavy applications.
>
> This API mirrors the form of the original C++ function based PromiseHook
> API, however it is intentionally separate to allow it to use JSFunctions
> triggered within generated code to, as much as possible, avoid entering
> runtime functions entirely.
>
> Because PromiseHook has internal use also, beyond just the Node.js use,
> I have opted to leave the existing API intact and keep this separate to
> avoid conflicting with any possible behaviour expectations of other API
> users.
>
> The design ideas for this new API stemmed from discussion with some V8
> team members at a previous Node.js Diagnostics Summit hosted by Google
> in Munich, and the relevant documentation of the discussion can be found
> here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1g8OrG5lMIUhRn1zbkutgY83MiTSMx-0NHDs8Bf-nXxM/edit#heading=h.w1bavzz80l1e
>
> A summary of the reasons for why this new design is important can be
> found here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1vtgoT4_kjgOr-Bl605HR2T6_SC-C8uWzYaOPDK5pmRo/edit?usp=sharing
>
> Bug: v8:11025
> Change-Id: I0b403b00c37d3020b5af07b654b860659d3a7697
> Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/v8/v8/+/2759188
> Reviewed-by: Marja Hölttä <marja@chromium.org>
> Reviewed-by: Camillo Bruni <cbruni@chromium.org>
> Reviewed-by: Anton Bikineev <bikineev@chromium.org>
> Reviewed-by: Igor Sheludko <ishell@chromium.org>
> Commit-Queue: Camillo Bruni <cbruni@chromium.org>
> Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/master@{#73858}

Bug: v8:11025
Bug: chromium:1197475
Change-Id: I73a71e97d9c3dff89a2b092c3fe4adff81ede8ef
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/v8/v8/+/2823917Reviewed-by: Marja Hölttä <marja@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Igor Sheludko <ishell@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Anton Bikineev <bikineev@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Camillo Bruni <cbruni@chromium.org>
Commit-Queue: Camillo Bruni <cbruni@chromium.org>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/master@{#74071}