This is a reland of commit 9d36b2dd.
The test case is fixed to actually protect a part of the data section
instead of the stack (which was unintended and could lead to segfaults).

Original change's description:
> [base] Add new API to protect data memory
>
> This adds a new {base::OS::SetDataReadOnly} method, which is similar to
> {SetPermissions(kRead)}, but using another system call on Windows such
> that it works on pages in the data segment.
> {VirtualAlloc} will fail if called on a page of the data section,
> whereas {VirtualProtect} succeeds. For the general {SetPermissions}
> API we still want to use {VirtualAlloc} though, as it also changes the "committed" state of the pages.
>
> Note that we do not add a platform API for this, as the memory was
> never allocated through the platform. We just directly protect it in
> V8.
>
> R=mlippautz@chromium.org
>
> Bug: v8:12887
> Change-Id: If83bf6e5c500cc5cf08c76d04dfac5e2b4d35a2d
> Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/v8/v8/+/3820482
> Reviewed-by: Michael Lippautz <mlippautz@chromium.org>
> Commit-Queue: Clemens Backes <clemensb@chromium.org>
> Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/main@{#82349}

Bug: v8:12887
Change-Id: Ib7c24b43b53d568dafb4a56cf8db7479c784e8d8
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/v8/v8/+/3825889Reviewed-by: Michael Lippautz <mlippautz@chromium.org>
Commit-Queue: Clemens Backes <clemensb@chromium.org>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/main@{#82398}