If a stack overflow occurs inside the regexp parser, propagate that
information to the parser.

Bug: v8:896,chromium:1243989
Change-Id: I5ced27ff968ad97764e156643e1980b3a722af1a
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/v8/v8/+/3127717
Commit-Queue: Leszek Swirski <leszeks@chromium.org>
Auto-Submit: Jakob Gruber <jgruber@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Leszek Swirski <leszeks@chromium.org>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/main@{#76568}