Port c7851da4

Original commit message:
This enables adding more language modes in the future.

For maximum flexibility, LanguageMode is a bitmask, so we're not restricted to
use a sequence of language modes which are progressively stricter, but we can
express the language mode as combination of features.

For now, LanguageMode can only be "sloppy" or "strict", and there are
STATIC_ASSERTS in places which need to change when more modes are added.

LanguageMode is a bit like the old LanguageMode when "extended" mode was still
around (see https://codereview.chromium.org/8417035 and
https://codereview.chromium.org/181543002 ) except that it's transmitted through
all the layers (there's no StrictModeFlag).

BUG=

Review URL: https://codereview.chromium.org/890413003

Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/master@{#26431}