Copied as-is modulo compile tweaks from Chromium's base.

Copied tests highlighting existing overflow issues with V8's impl...

TimeDelta::Max() will initially be used in V8 to flag events that
never triggered in a TimedHistogram.

Also constexpr'ed a few things while I was in there, it's harmless
at worst and helps a little at best.
Ideally would constexpr all the Time*::From*() methods like in
Chromium but that has inlining implications and I don't know the
impact that could have on V8.

Bug: chromium:807606
Change-Id: If5aa92759d985be070e12af4dd20f0159169048b
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/899342Reviewed-by: Hannes Payer <hpayer@chromium.org>
Commit-Queue: Gabriel Charette <gab@chromium.org>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/master@{#51073}