The main change is the reduction of the number of declared classes by
four by using templatized 'using' declarations instead of subtypes.
This also uses 'constexpr' to define constants, uses the defined
constants consistently, and adds static asserts.

R=jkummerow@chromium.org

Bug: v8:8834
Change-Id: I3868c9069f25261d428ec0847dea46de2cbc7a44
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/v8/v8/+/1583763
Commit-Queue: Clemens Hammacher <clemensh@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Jakob Kummerow <jkummerow@chromium.org>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/master@{#61014}